Annotated Bibliography #1
Fashion Forward: The Business History of Fashion
This issue of Business History is devoted to fashion. It focuses on fashion history and how it impacted the business in todays society. There is much more that ties into the business history of fashion than people would think. There are many different research topics and methodologies to be studied. For example, most people wouldn't know that the development of color dyes in Germany and England affected the fashion industry as much as it did. During the nineteenth century, the triumph of synthetic colourants over natural dyes made for a more efficient business organization within the German chemical companies. This concept alone had a major impact on fashion businesses all around the world. This issue in Business History shows how many international concepts all come together over a period of time to show where the evidence on the fashion business lies.
“On one side of the spectrum, fashion is defined in a restrictive way as the study of material artefacts such as clothing, apparel, and accessories. On the opposite side, others will argue that fashion is a cultural phenomenon that encompasses not only the way people dress but also how they act and think” (Polese and Blaszezyk 1). This quote particularly stood out to me because it shows the different views of the word "fashion." Some people see it as more of a work of art, while others view it as a change in culture. Another quote that had meaning was, “Fashion in this latter respect is a symbolic world that comprises all aspects of life.” (Polese and Blaszezyk 1). It states that fashion has a huge impact all over the world and brings out many different aspects of life.
This particular issue is very valid. It was taken out of the book, Business History. The authors, Francesca Polese and Regina Lee Blaszczyk are credible as well. Polese is a lecturer in the Department of Policy Analysis and and Public Management at Bocconi University; therefore she is a reliable source. Also, Blaszczyk is a scholar in the Department of the History and Sociology of Science at the University of Pennsylvania. She has written multiple books regarding fashion history including, Producing fashion: Commerce, culture and consumers (2008), American consumer society, 1865–2005: From hearth to HDTV (2009), and The color revolution (2012).
This issue fits perfectly into my choice of study. Over this year I'd like to learn as much about the fashion industry as I possibly can. I believe by studying the history of fashion I am not only gaining knowledge of past cultures, but also learning how to predict future fashion trends and movements. I will definitely be able to use specific key things from this issue in my research paper. It had many examples of how fashion history has affected the business over the years which will be beneficial when talking about my career topic.
Polese, Francesca, and Regina L. Blaszczyk. Business History. Issue 1 ed. Vol. 54. N.p.: n.p., 2012. Online Book.
This issue of Business History is devoted to fashion. It focuses on fashion history and how it impacted the business in todays society. There is much more that ties into the business history of fashion than people would think. There are many different research topics and methodologies to be studied. For example, most people wouldn't know that the development of color dyes in Germany and England affected the fashion industry as much as it did. During the nineteenth century, the triumph of synthetic colourants over natural dyes made for a more efficient business organization within the German chemical companies. This concept alone had a major impact on fashion businesses all around the world. This issue in Business History shows how many international concepts all come together over a period of time to show where the evidence on the fashion business lies.
“On one side of the spectrum, fashion is defined in a restrictive way as the study of material artefacts such as clothing, apparel, and accessories. On the opposite side, others will argue that fashion is a cultural phenomenon that encompasses not only the way people dress but also how they act and think” (Polese and Blaszezyk 1). This quote particularly stood out to me because it shows the different views of the word "fashion." Some people see it as more of a work of art, while others view it as a change in culture. Another quote that had meaning was, “Fashion in this latter respect is a symbolic world that comprises all aspects of life.” (Polese and Blaszezyk 1). It states that fashion has a huge impact all over the world and brings out many different aspects of life.
This particular issue is very valid. It was taken out of the book, Business History. The authors, Francesca Polese and Regina Lee Blaszczyk are credible as well. Polese is a lecturer in the Department of Policy Analysis and and Public Management at Bocconi University; therefore she is a reliable source. Also, Blaszczyk is a scholar in the Department of the History and Sociology of Science at the University of Pennsylvania. She has written multiple books regarding fashion history including, Producing fashion: Commerce, culture and consumers (2008), American consumer society, 1865–2005: From hearth to HDTV (2009), and The color revolution (2012).
This issue fits perfectly into my choice of study. Over this year I'd like to learn as much about the fashion industry as I possibly can. I believe by studying the history of fashion I am not only gaining knowledge of past cultures, but also learning how to predict future fashion trends and movements. I will definitely be able to use specific key things from this issue in my research paper. It had many examples of how fashion history has affected the business over the years which will be beneficial when talking about my career topic.
Polese, Francesca, and Regina L. Blaszczyk. Business History. Issue 1 ed. Vol. 54. N.p.: n.p., 2012. Online Book.
Annotated Bibliography #2
Conceptualizing Fashion In Everyday Lives
This academic journal discusses the importance of studying the history of fashion and the role it plays in our everyday lives. “At its roots, fashion studies is interdisciplinary and, like design studies, it seeks to integrate history, theory, and practice” (Buckley and Clark). New technologies such as sewing machines, machine made textiles, and distribution improvements have heavily influenced the fashion industry from 1900 to 2000. The changes in fashion over time are also strongly influenced by different disciplines. These include, social history, visual culture, urban studies, and gender studies. All together, the main impacts on trends include, technology, distribution, textile hitsory, and culture studies. This article also questions fashion and its modern condition. Believe it or not, the relationship between everyday fashion and modernity was sharpened after 1970 by the effect of poststructuralist and postmodern discourses. These events served as an influence for a wider set of subjects, such as art and literature. The ordinary and modernity of fashion is viewed as a sense of tradition. Over time, trends were recycled and re-made into something new. “This understanding of fashion as being recycled and re-invented time and again is very useful for tracing the mundane practices of fashion in everyday life" (Buckley and Clark). By focusing on a number of theoretical, autobiographical, and methodological themes we are able to question the nature of fashion and modernity, as well as it’s presumption to change.
This academic journal is credible because it was searched under galileo.usg.edu, which is a reliable source. It was also published in the book “Design Issues” in 2012. The book uses quotes from scholars and other authors to help support their theories. I will use this article to better my understanding of the history of fashion and how it has influenced today’s society. It was beneficial to me because I was able to connect historical events with the fashion indsutry. I can use quotes from the scholars to support my end of the year project. Overall, I learned a lot from the article and it gave me a whole new perspective on fashion and it’s modernity.
Buckley, Cheryl, and Hazel Clark. "Conceptualizing Fashion in Everyday Lives." Http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/. Design Issues. Autumn2012, Vol. 28 Issue 4, 1 Sept. 2012. Web. 15 Dec. 2014.
This academic journal discusses the importance of studying the history of fashion and the role it plays in our everyday lives. “At its roots, fashion studies is interdisciplinary and, like design studies, it seeks to integrate history, theory, and practice” (Buckley and Clark). New technologies such as sewing machines, machine made textiles, and distribution improvements have heavily influenced the fashion industry from 1900 to 2000. The changes in fashion over time are also strongly influenced by different disciplines. These include, social history, visual culture, urban studies, and gender studies. All together, the main impacts on trends include, technology, distribution, textile hitsory, and culture studies. This article also questions fashion and its modern condition. Believe it or not, the relationship between everyday fashion and modernity was sharpened after 1970 by the effect of poststructuralist and postmodern discourses. These events served as an influence for a wider set of subjects, such as art and literature. The ordinary and modernity of fashion is viewed as a sense of tradition. Over time, trends were recycled and re-made into something new. “This understanding of fashion as being recycled and re-invented time and again is very useful for tracing the mundane practices of fashion in everyday life" (Buckley and Clark). By focusing on a number of theoretical, autobiographical, and methodological themes we are able to question the nature of fashion and modernity, as well as it’s presumption to change.
This academic journal is credible because it was searched under galileo.usg.edu, which is a reliable source. It was also published in the book “Design Issues” in 2012. The book uses quotes from scholars and other authors to help support their theories. I will use this article to better my understanding of the history of fashion and how it has influenced today’s society. It was beneficial to me because I was able to connect historical events with the fashion indsutry. I can use quotes from the scholars to support my end of the year project. Overall, I learned a lot from the article and it gave me a whole new perspective on fashion and it’s modernity.
Buckley, Cheryl, and Hazel Clark. "Conceptualizing Fashion in Everyday Lives." Http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/. Design Issues. Autumn2012, Vol. 28 Issue 4, 1 Sept. 2012. Web. 15 Dec. 2014.
Annotated Bibliography #3
Fashion: How the Global Market Is Changing Seasonal Collections
This article explains how the global market is affecting seasonal shows all over the world. Fashion shows occur prior to the summer season and the winter season. One would assume that the summer show would display outfits suited for warm weather and the winter show would display outfits suited for cold weather, however; starting in 2013, the shows went against everybody’s expectations. The high fashion global market is growing more and more each year and it has begun to focus on a bigger trend towards a sort of season-less style. This has been a huge problem at the heart of fashion. The consumers have a high demand for seasonal clothing items therefore, the season-less style has not been very accommodating. Fashion shows have become more about exposure than an actual business. Many high fashion designers will claim that it must be a season-less style for them to reach out to consumers all over the world. While many people believe this will be the end of seasonal fashion shows, fashion is a never ending cycle. It will continue to evolve.
Many designers were quoted in this article to support the idea of a season-less show. For example, Jennifer Baca, managing director of British label Erdem - one of the first independent London labels to add pre-collections to their brand – states that “We have to service the customer in the Middle East, Florida, Russia – everywhere” (Cochrane 1). Another example is Ruth Chapman, founder of London Boutique Matches. She argues that “The show is about the brand image and the pre-collections are about keeping that momentum. These pieces need to be trans-seasonal. Our online business is 50% international and the climates where people live obviously make a big difference” (Cochrane 1). Chapman ends her argument by stating, “There's always somewhere you can wear whatever it is” (Cochrane 1). This source is credible because many designers were interviewed prior to writing this article and quotes were included. The Guardian News was ranked top in reliability and trustworthiness in 2013. It is well known all over the world and continues to release honest, important articles. CNN runs a “reliable sources” television show that examines how journalists all over the world do their job and how the media effects the stories they cover. The Guardian News was featured as a reliable source in 2013.
I used Guardian News to gain information for my end of the year project because there are many articles released throughout the year regarding fashion and the global market. I will use this article in particular because it focuses mainly on global trends and how fashion is evolving. It also uses important quotes from designers regarding global trends which will be beneficial to use. It was very interesting to see not only how fashion trends are evolving, but also how fashion shows are evolving.
Cochrane, Lauren. "Fashion: How the Global Market Is Changing Seasonal Collections." Www.theguardian.com. Guardian News and Media, 1 Jan. 2013. Web. 8 Feb. 2015.
This article explains how the global market is affecting seasonal shows all over the world. Fashion shows occur prior to the summer season and the winter season. One would assume that the summer show would display outfits suited for warm weather and the winter show would display outfits suited for cold weather, however; starting in 2013, the shows went against everybody’s expectations. The high fashion global market is growing more and more each year and it has begun to focus on a bigger trend towards a sort of season-less style. This has been a huge problem at the heart of fashion. The consumers have a high demand for seasonal clothing items therefore, the season-less style has not been very accommodating. Fashion shows have become more about exposure than an actual business. Many high fashion designers will claim that it must be a season-less style for them to reach out to consumers all over the world. While many people believe this will be the end of seasonal fashion shows, fashion is a never ending cycle. It will continue to evolve.
Many designers were quoted in this article to support the idea of a season-less show. For example, Jennifer Baca, managing director of British label Erdem - one of the first independent London labels to add pre-collections to their brand – states that “We have to service the customer in the Middle East, Florida, Russia – everywhere” (Cochrane 1). Another example is Ruth Chapman, founder of London Boutique Matches. She argues that “The show is about the brand image and the pre-collections are about keeping that momentum. These pieces need to be trans-seasonal. Our online business is 50% international and the climates where people live obviously make a big difference” (Cochrane 1). Chapman ends her argument by stating, “There's always somewhere you can wear whatever it is” (Cochrane 1). This source is credible because many designers were interviewed prior to writing this article and quotes were included. The Guardian News was ranked top in reliability and trustworthiness in 2013. It is well known all over the world and continues to release honest, important articles. CNN runs a “reliable sources” television show that examines how journalists all over the world do their job and how the media effects the stories they cover. The Guardian News was featured as a reliable source in 2013.
I used Guardian News to gain information for my end of the year project because there are many articles released throughout the year regarding fashion and the global market. I will use this article in particular because it focuses mainly on global trends and how fashion is evolving. It also uses important quotes from designers regarding global trends which will be beneficial to use. It was very interesting to see not only how fashion trends are evolving, but also how fashion shows are evolving.
Cochrane, Lauren. "Fashion: How the Global Market Is Changing Seasonal Collections." Www.theguardian.com. Guardian News and Media, 1 Jan. 2013. Web. 8 Feb. 2015.